Analog circuits interactive design tools & resources

The initial value theorem relates the behavior of a function as time approaches zero to its Laplace transform, helping analyze system response at the start.

An R-2R ladder DAC converts digital binary inputs into a corresponding analog voltage using a network of resistors arranged in a repeating R and 2R pattern.

An instrumentation amplifier calculator computes the output voltage and overall gain based on resistor values and input voltages in a three-op-amp configuration.

Linear and low dropout regulators (LDOs) provide a stable output voltage from a higher input voltage, with LDOs operating efficiently even with a small input-to-output voltage difference.

Class D amplifiers use high-speed switching and PWM to achieve high-efficiency audio amplification, ideal for compact audio systems.